The valance electrons in metals are not bound to the individual atoms but are free to move in metals. These electrons are called free electrons. The speed of randomly moving electrons depend upon temperature.
Motion of free electron in metals:
The free electron in metals are in random motion just like the molecules of the gas in the container.
Current through metals when no battery is connected:
In this case, the rate at which free electrons pass through it from right to left is the same as the rate at which they pass from left to right. As a result, the current through the wire is zero.
Current through metals when battery is connected:
When the ends of wire are connected to a battery, an electric field is set up at every point within the wire. A force acts on the free electrons in metals are in random motion just like the molecules Cu Elect Free electron free electrons in a direction opposite to that electric field E.Due to the applied field, the electron change their random motion in 0 such a way that they drift slowly with a constant velocity in a direction opposite to the field. This velocity is called drift velocity Hence, a current begins to flow through the conductor.
The average constant speed with which free electrons drift.When current flows through the conductor is called drift velocity.
Acceleration of electrons:
The force experienced by the free electrons atoms of does not produce a electrons keep on colliding with the atoms of the conductor The overall effect of accelerating electrons to the lattice atoms. is maintained in the wire when a constant potential difference is the necessary electric field E along the wire.
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